Seasonal variation in glucose and neutral amino acid uptake in the estuarine crab Neohelice granulata.

This study investigates the mechanisms of glucose and amino acid transport in gills and jaw muscle of N. granulata collected from an estuarine natural population. The physicochemical parameters of the estuarine environment and of this crustacean's hemolymph were measured during different seasons of the year. In summer, the lagoon water osmolality increased (5-6 times), and hemolymph osmolality decreased. In fall, water pH increased, whereas hemolymph pH decreased markedly. In all seasons, 2-deoxi glucose (DG) uptake in gills was significantly higher than 3-O methyl-glucose (MG) uptake. Phloretin reduced DG uptake in gills; phloretin and phlorizin did not affect MG uptake in this organ. DG and MG uptake was highest in gills during spring and summer. In jaw muscle, MG uptake in winter and spring was higher than DG uptake. In fall, gill methyl aminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) uptake increased. In jaw muscle, MeAIB uptake was higher in spring. The observed changes in glucose uptake and in the type of glucose and amino acid transporter used in gills and muscle appear to be strategies used by N. granulata to minimize seasonal oscillations in the environmental parameters of their estuarine habitat.

Lactate metabolism in the muscle of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus during hypoxia and post-hypoxia recovery.

The present study showed that the lactate/glucose ratio in the hemolymph of Chasmagnathus granulatus maintained in normoxia (controls) was 4.9, suggesting that lactate is an important substrate for this crab. Periods of hypoxia are part of the biological cycle of this crab, and lactate is the main end product of anaerobiosis in this crab. Our hypothesis was that this lactate would be, therefore, used by gluconeogenic pathway or can be oxidized or excreted to the aquatic medium during hypoxia and post-hypoxia periods in C. granulatus. The concentrations of hemolymphatic lactate in animals in normoxia are high, and are used as an energy substrate. In hypoxia, muscle gluconeogenesis and excretion of lactate to the aquatic medium would contribute significantly in regulating the concentration of circulating lactate. Utilization of these pathways would serve the objective of maintaining the acid-base equilibrium of the organism. Muscle gluconeogenesis participates, during the recovery process, in metabolizing the lactate produced during the period of hypoxia. Lactate excretion to the external medium, was one of the strategies used to decrease the higher hemolymphatic lactate levels. However, oxidation of lactate in the muscle is not a main strategy used by this crab to metabolize lactate in the recovery periods.